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A cement is a binder, a chemical substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel (aggregate) together. Cement mixed with fine aggregate produces mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel, produces concrete. Concrete is the most widely used material in existence and is behind only water as the planet's most-consumed resource.
Cements used in construction are usually inorganic, often lime or calcium silicate based, which can be characterized as hydraulic or the less common non-hydraulic, depending on the ability of the cement to set in the presence of water (see hydraulic and non-hydraulic lime plaster).
Country Of Origin : India
Cement, a binder and chemical substance, is pivotal in construction, widely utilized to bind other materials and structures. As a cornerstone in the foundation of buildings and infrastructure, cement is combined with fine aggregates to produce mortar for masonry works and with sand and gravel to create concrete. Remarkably, concrete holds the distinction of being the second most consumed resource globally, following water.
Cement’s defining features include its ability to set, harden, and adhere to other materials, thus ensuring structural integrity in construction projects. Depending on its composition and setting properties, cement can be classified into two primary categories: hydraulic and non-hydraulic.
Hydraulic cement, the most commonly used type in construction, has the unique ability to set and harden in the presence of water. This characteristic extends its utility across various climates and conditions. The most familiar type of hydraulic cement is Portland cement, which consists primarily of calcium silicates.
Hydraulic cement's composition typically includes limestone, clay, and other materials processed through kilning to form clinker, which is then ground into a fine powder. When mixed with water, this powder undergoes a chemical reaction known as hydration, leading to the material's setting and hardening.
Non-hydraulic cements, although less common, are outlined by their dependence on dry conditions to set and harden. One renowned example is lime plaster, which sets through carbonation—a process involving the chemical reaction between lime and atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Non-hydraulic cements are usually utilized in specific scenarios, such as historic restoration projects or environments where moisture must be actively controlled. Despite their niche applications, they provide significant advantages for particular construction techniques necessitating slower setting times and a high degree of permeability.
Concrete's versatility and unparalleled strength are derived from its composite nature, with cement serving as the key binder:
In masonry, cement combined with fine aggregate (usually sand) creates mortar, imperative for binding bricks, stones, and blocks.
Cement's importance in construction cannot be overstated, as it provides essential properties like:
Certain construction scenarios demand specialized cement types, produced to cater to specific performance or environmental conditions:
The cement industry, despite its indispensable role in development, faces scrutiny for its environmental impact, primarily due to CO2 emissions during production. The industry embraces innovations to mitigate these effects:
Cement remains a fundamental element in the construction sector, integral to crafting everything from towering skyscrapers to