Sulfuric acid, also known as vitriol, is a highly significant chemical compound in industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to petrochemicals. With a chemical formula of H2SO4, this colorless and odorless mineral acid exhibits multiple essential properties that make it invaluable in various applications. It is a syrupy liquid characterized by its high density of 1.8302 g/cm3 and a molar mass of 98.079 g/mol. The compound is miscible with water, releasing heat in an exothermic reaction, which underlines the importance of handling sulfuric acid with utmost care. Its melting point is at 10.31°C and it boils at a high temperature of 337°C, making it stable under typical storage conditions. Moreover, sulfuric acid's strong acidity (pKa: −3, 1.99) adds to its efficacy in chemical reactions. Industries utilize sulfuric acid not just for its reactivity but also for its roles in catalysis, dehydration, and as a neutralizing agent. When engaged in chemical synthesis or manufacturing process, sulfuric acid proves integral for improvements in efficiency and productivity.

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