Pigeon pea/Arhar/Tur

Advance Information*

Introduction

Pigeon pea, also known as Arhar or Tur, is one of the most popular tropical and subtropical legumes. Renowned for its fast growth and drought-resistant properties, pigeon pea has cemented its position as a vital crop worldwide. The legume is extensively cultivated and exported from India, making it a significant agricultural product in the global market. Pigeon peas are integral to many cuisines, especially in countries like India and Indonesia. The demand for pigeon pea is constantly rising, making pigeon pea export from India a lucrative venture. Due to its versatile nature and benefits, the pigeon pea sector contributes greatly to the agricultural economy through various export channels.

Varieties of Pigeon Pea

India exports numerous varieties of pigeon pea, each with unique characteristics that make them suitable for different culinary and agricultural applications. Some of the prominent varieties include:

1. Local Tall: Known for its height and adaptability to diverse soil conditions.
2. Hybrid Varieties: These have been developed for higher yield and resistance to diseases.
3. Extra-early Varieties: Ideal for regions with short growing seasons.
4. Dwarf Varieties: Their shorter stature makes them suitable for intensive cropping systems.

Each variety has its own set of benefits, ensuring that there is a type of pigeon pea suited for every need, whether it's for human consumption or animal feeding.

Nutritional Profile

Pigeon peas are nutritionally rich, offering a host of essential nutrients that are beneficial for human health. Here is a detailed breakdown:

• Calories: Pigeon peas provide approximately 343 calories per 100 grams, making them a good energy source.
• Dietary Fiber: With 15 grams of dietary fiber, they aid in digestion and promote gut health.
• Fat: Containing only 1.5 grams of fat, they are a low-fat food option.
• Carbohydrate: Pigeon peas have around 63 grams of carbohydrates, essential for energy.
• Protein: They are an excellent protein source, containing 22 grams per 100 grams.
• Minerals:
• Thiamin: For converting carbohydrates into energy.
• Magnesium: Important for muscle and nerve function.
• Phosphorus: Supports bone health.
• Potassium: Essential for heart function.
• Copper: Plays a role in iron absorption.
• Manganese: Participates in bone formation and metabolism.

Culinary Uses

Pigeon peas are celebrated in various cuisines, offering a distinctive flavor and texture to dishes. Here are some popular culinary applications:

Indian Cuisine

1. Dal Tadka: A spiced lentil dish that is a staple in Indian households.
2. Sambhar: A South Indian stew made with pigeon peas and a variety of vegetables.
3. Khichdi: A comforting one-pot meal that combines pigeon peas with rice.

Indonesian Cuisine

1. Gulai Nangka: A jackfruit curry that incorporates pigeon peas for added texture and flavor.
2. Tempeh: Fermented soybeans often mixed with pigeon peas to create this Indonesian staple.

Other global cuisines incorporate pigeon peas in soups, stews, and even salads, showcasing their versatility.

Agricultural Benefits

Pigeon pea is not only a valuable food crop but also offers several agricultural benefits:

1. Nitrogen Fixation: Being a legume, pigeon pea naturally enriches the soil by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.
2. Drought Resistance: Its ability to thrive under minimal water conditions makes it an ideal crop for arid and semi-arid regions.
3. Soil Erosion Control: The plant's root system helps in binding the soil, thus preventing erosion.
4. Animal Feed: The leaves and stems are nutritious fodder for livestock.

Economic Impact

The pigeon pea export industry in India plays a crucial role in the country's economy. The crop's versatility in both human consumption and animal feeding has led to increased demand in the international market. Indian exporters have capitalized on this by ensuring high-quality produce that meets global standards. This not only boosts the income of farmers but also strengthens India's position in the global agricultural sector.

Sourcing and Export

The process of sourcing and exporting pigeon peas involves several steps to ensure only the best quality reaches the consumer:

1. Cultivation: Pigeon peas are primarily grown in the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh.
2. Harvesting: The pods are harvested when they mature and are dried to reduce moisture content.
3. Processing: The dried peas undergo cleaning, sorting, and packing procedures.
4. Quality Control: Each batch is tested for quality, ensuring it meets both domestic and international standards